Closed-Loop Anaesthesia Delivery Systems (CLADS) are proven valuable tools in various medical specialties, including cardiac surgery, heart patients, and high-altitude environments. These systems combine real-time patient monitoring, automated dosing adjustments, and advanced algorithms to optimize anaesthesia delivery and enhance patient outcomes. This article will explore the benefits and considerations of working with CLADS in cardiac surgery, heart patients, and high-altitude settings.  CLADS in Cardiac Surgery  Cardiac surgery poses unique challenges due to the complex nature of the procedures and the critical condition of patients. CLADS offers several advantages in this context:  > Precise Haemodynamic Control: CLADS helps medical professionals continuously...

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) is a technique that involves the administration of anaesthetic agents solely through intravenous infusion, eliminating the use of inhalational agents. TIVA offers several advantages, including precise control of anaesthetic depth, faster recovery, and reduced environmental impact. In this article, we will explore the benefits of TIVA, discuss the calculation of the appropriate dosage, provide an introduction to Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Closed-Loop Anaesthesia Delivery Systems (CLADS), and briefly discuss their working with TIVA.   The Advantages of TIVA > Precise Anaesthetic Control: TIVA allows precise anaesthetic depth control through continuous intravenous infusion. This accurate control leads...

Target-controlled infusion, or TCI, is a method of drug administration rapidly gaining popularity in the medical field. TCI involves using computerized systems to calculate and control the infusion rate of a drug to achieve a specific target concentration in the patient's bloodstream. The history and mechanics of TCI Enhancements in understanding the pharmacodynamics of opioids and anaesthetic drugs led to the development of TCI—a method of IV drug administration in the 1980s. Initially developed by Schüttler and Schwilden, TCI leverages sophisticated computer programs to predict the plasma concentration level at a given site and helps regulate the level of anaesthetic...